- Voyeurism: Erotic pleasures gained from looking at a sexual object
- Presence of women solely for the purpose of display
- Female on display is passive and objectified for a male gaze regardless of viewers gender.
- Voyeuristic treatment of female body in ‘male’ videos - use of dancers as adornments to the male ego.
- The inclusion of women for display is a staple element in music video's - across all genres
- Women connote to be looked at and are the object of the male gaze.
- A test called the Bechdel Test is relevant to this theory because it is about woman having a role in film and TV other than being directly linked to the male characters. It tests whether films have at least 2 female characters in it who have a conversation about anything other than the other male characters. This links to the male Gaze theory as it suggest that in a lot of film and TV, women have nothing better to do then talk about the male characters.
Rick Altman Genre Theory (1999)
Genre offers audiences 'a set of pleasures'
Emotional Pleasures - The emotional pleasures offered to audiences of genre films are particularly significant when they generate a strong audience response.
Visceral Pleasures - Visceral pleasures are 'gut' responses and are defined by how the film's stylistic construction elicits a physical effect upon its audience. This can be a feeling of revulsion, kinetic speed or a 'roller coaster ride'.
Intellectual Puzzles - Certain film genres such as the thriller offer the pleasure in trying to unravel a mystery or a puzzle. Pleasure is derived from deciphering the plot and forecasting the end or being surprised by the unexpected.
Vladimir Propp's Analysis of Folk Tale (1920's)
Propp analysed a whole series of Russian Folk Tales in the 1920's and decided that the same events kept being repeated in each of the stories, creating a consistent framework. His seminal book, Morphology of the Folk Tale, was first published in 1928 and has had a huge influence on literary theorists and practitioners ever since.
Propp extended the Russian formalist study of language to his analysis of folk tales. He broke down the folk tales into the smallest possible units, which he called narratemes, or narrative functions, necessary for the narrative to exist. Each narrateme is an event that drives the narrative forward, possibly take it in a different direction.
Emotional Pleasures - The emotional pleasures offered to audiences of genre films are particularly significant when they generate a strong audience response.
Visceral Pleasures - Visceral pleasures are 'gut' responses and are defined by how the film's stylistic construction elicits a physical effect upon its audience. This can be a feeling of revulsion, kinetic speed or a 'roller coaster ride'.
Intellectual Puzzles - Certain film genres such as the thriller offer the pleasure in trying to unravel a mystery or a puzzle. Pleasure is derived from deciphering the plot and forecasting the end or being surprised by the unexpected.
Vladimir Propp's Analysis of Folk Tale (1920's)
Propp analysed a whole series of Russian Folk Tales in the 1920's and decided that the same events kept being repeated in each of the stories, creating a consistent framework. His seminal book, Morphology of the Folk Tale, was first published in 1928 and has had a huge influence on literary theorists and practitioners ever since.
Propp extended the Russian formalist study of language to his analysis of folk tales. He broke down the folk tales into the smallest possible units, which he called narratemes, or narrative functions, necessary for the narrative to exist. Each narrateme is an event that drives the narrative forward, possibly take it in a different direction.
Could expand on Propp's function of plot - see handout from lesson.
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