Section 1- unit 1- Disney VS Warp

Disney vs. Warp

When was Disney established and who by?- Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney is in the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks.
When was Warp Films established, where and who by?- Warp Films is an independent film and television production company based in Sheffield & London, UK, with a further affiliated company Warp Films Australia based in Melbourne, Australia. Warp Films was established by Warp Records founding partners Rob Mitchell and Steve Beckett in 1999.

What does Disney own and what kind of media does it produce?- Disney own companies; Walt Disney Animation, Pixar Animations Studios, Lucas Film Animation, Marvel Film Productions etc... Disney produce Films, Music, Television Programmes and Theatre Productions.

What does Warp Films own?- They don't own anything because they are an independent company and are not very big but they produce many short films and a few normal lengthen films. They also produce music videos and documentaries.

How much money does Disney make annually?- In 2015 Disney made $52.46 billion in revenue.

How much money does Warp Films make annually?- 



Who is Disney's audience?- Disney produce shows and movies for children but they also do cruises, open theme parks and take people on tours and this is for adults and parents as well so Disney have a wide range of audiences.
Who is Warp Films audience?- Their main target audience is the British public as they mainly create independent British films.



Where does Disney get its funding/ financial support?- interaction, consumer products, studio entertainment, parks and resorts and media networks.
Where does Warp Films get its funding/financial support?- Steve Beckett's (the founder) co-worker Mark Herbert raised the funding and the result was Warp Films debut feature that put their productions on the map.



How is Disney perceived by the world?- The Walt Disney Company has just ranked No. 2 on the list of the World’s Most Reputable Companies for 2016, published in Forbes, moving up from No. 6 in 2015.
How is Warp films perceived by the world?-
They are becoming increasingly more recognisable and this is enhanced as they continue to feature in international film festivals to get themselves more known around the world rather than just in Britain.



How does Disney use synergy?-  No company is better than Disney at taking a character, TV Show, or movie and turning into a money making franchise. In addition to creating a series of movies, episodic TV shows and online serials, Disney takes the characters and licenses them for toys, games, apparel and a wide variety other merchandise. 

Does Disney have any political involvement?-  Disney contribute $3,192,911 towards candidates, leadership, parties, committees and to outside spending groups.

Does Warp Films have any political involvement?- Warp Films do not have any involvement in politics.



How does Disney market itself?- Disney have; customer loyalty, brand exposure, are on various types of social media, create many products and produce many adverts and commercials.
How does Warp Films market itself?-  Their marketing strategy is allowing their team to experience and explore the kind of audience that the film appeals to and the tools to use in order to understand their audience better.



What jobs roles are their at Disney?- TV writer, voice actor, film editor, television producer, film director, entertainer, entrepreneur, television presenter, businessperson, film producer and Animator are just a few of many job roles involved in the Disney corporation.
What job roles are their at Warp Films- Executive producers, CEO, head of production, head of development, head of business affairs, financial assistant,  production supervisor and content coordinator are just a few of many job roles involved in Warp Films corporation.

Disney and Warp films are hugely different by comparison as Disney is a multi national mass media and entertainment conglomerate, whereas Warp Films is an independent company that is newly discovered yet very successful.

section 3- unit 1- Mise-en-scene

Mise-en-scene

If a writer uses the word 'rose,' the reader is free to imagine any of the millions of roses their are in the world but if a film shows us a rose, all viewers will see the same rose.

This refers to all the things that are 'put in the scene', as well as the way that we are shown them.

or, put more technically, it means the arrangement of visual weights and movement within a given space.

Framing- refers to the relationship of the objects in the shot to the frame

Tight Framing- usually for close shots. The composition is so carefully balanced and harmonised that the people photographed have little or no freedom of movement.

Loose Framing- usually in long shots. The composition is looser and freer within the confines of the frame so that the people photographed have considerable freedom of movement.

The Rule of Thirds- The point where the vertical and horizontal lines cross are aesthetically pleasing spots to place subjects or to have perspective lines coverage.

Cinematic Mise-en-scene encompasses both the staging of the action and the way its photographed: set design, costume, props, composition, lighting, camera placement and movement, placement of the actors and what they say and do.

• This is a close up used to show how threatening and powerful James Bond is with the gun in his hand.
• The lighting around Daniel Craig is dark and is used to show that he is the focus of the scene and to draw attention towards the actor.
• The light is coming from the left to highlight his presence .
• He is in focus but the gun isn't. This shows the distance between the actor and the object.
• The gun is out of focus because we are supposed to be focusing on the composure in his face rather than the actions he's taking.
• The shot shows him as an empowering figure that's in control. We can see this through the calmness on his face.

Lighting

• Three-point lighting- The Three Point Lighting Technique is a standard method used in visual media such as video, film, still photography and computer-generated imagery.
• Back light- Illumination from behind.
• Key light- The main source of light in a photograph or film.
• Fill Light- Supplementary light used in photography or filming that does not change the character of the main light and is used chiefly to lighten shadows.

section 3- unit 1- Sound

Sound

Different Areas Of Sound Theory

Rhythm- Music,speech,sound effects

Fidelity- Fidelity refers to the extent to which the sound is faithful to the source as we, the audience conceive it. If a film shows us a barking dog and we hear a barking noise, that sound is faithful to its source; the sound maintains fidelity. But if the picture of the barking dog is accompanied by the sound of a cat meowing, there enters a disparity between sound and image - a lack of fidelity.  

Parallel Contrapuntal- When the sound we hear should usually go hand in hand with the image on screen. This is known as Parallel sound. For example if we were to watch a horror film and we are about to witness a murder, you would accompany some dark, fast tempo music with the action. When we hear sound that we wouldn't associate with the events on screen we would call this contrapuntal sound. For example if we were to be watching children playing on the beach we wouldn't usually here the fast pacing music to accompany it as the two styles do not go together.

Time- Synchronous and Asynchronous sounds

Diegetic and Non-Diegetic sounds

Volume

Section 1-unit 1- Key Words

UNIT 1-Section 1

Media conglomerate: when a huge corporation owns smaller subsidiary companies within it. The Walt Disney Company is America’s largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, with Time Warner, Comcast, 21^st Century Fox, CBS Corporation and Viacom. Comprising the “Big Six”.

Independent Company: A small company that started and stands on its own. For example, Warp Films and Vertigo Film.  Vertigo Films is a UK film and distribution company founded in 2002.

Cross Media Ownership: The ownership of multiple media businesses by a person or corporation.

Public Service Broadcaster: Broadcasting media for the benefit of the people.

Joint Venture: A business arrangement which two or more parties agree to pool their resources together for the purpose of accomplishing a task.

Synergy: When two or more entitles work together for a final outcome that works out for all parties.

Commercial- A commercial product can be bought by or is intended to be bought by the general public. It is used to refer to radio or television paid for by advertisements that are broadcast between and during programmes.

Vertical Integration - The combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firms. Vertical integration is a strategy where a company expands its business operations into different steps on the same production path. Vertical integration can help companies reduce costs and improve efficiency.

Horizontal Integration- Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger.

Production Process- The production process refers to the stages (phases) required to complete a media product. In every production there is a similar process. The stages making up this process are: development or negotiating a brief, pre-production, production, post-production, distribution and exhibition.

Section 3-Unit 1- Camera

Camera

Cinematography- The art of photography and camerawork in film-making.

Camera Distance

Different types of close up shots are used to convey many things such as; emotions, clothes, movement and intimacy. 

medium shots are used to create many things such as; conflict, emotional gap between characters or connect the characters physically and/or emotionally.

Their are many reasons to use long shots such as; to establish location and character to see what they're wearing, to tell what kind of atmosphere the characters are in. Also a long shot could give a sense of isolation and distance between characters both emotionally and/or physically. 

Camera Angle

Low angle shots are used to make characters seem more dangerous, or in charge and powerful. It could also be used to show direction. It can be used on both people and places.

Low Angle shot can also be Point of View.

High Angle shot can be used to make things look small, alone/isolated or powerless. A high angle shot will give you an overview of a scene. You can also have a high angle shot from point of view. 

Extreme high angle shots are used to make something seem scary and to show height.

A crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane,  device which resembles a huge mechanical arm.

Aerial shots are taken from planes or helicopters. This can be used to establish the location and to present a journey.

Juxtaposed shows two shots from two opposites e.g. high angle to low angle


Depth of field

Depth of field is directly connected, but not to be confused, with focus.
Focus is the quality- the 'sharpness' of an object as it is registered in the image
Depth of field refers to the extent which the space represented is in focus.
Depth of field refers to the range of distances from the camera at which acceptably sharp focus can be obtained.

Factors which influence depth of field:

• Lighting conditions
• Camera filter
• Shutter
• Gain
• Lens angle (zoom)

Depth of focus emphasises and shows a lot of people being moved to places, for example: transportation to the concentration camps in The Pianist.

Shallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth of field. In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus. Shallow focus is typically used to emphasise one part of the image over another.

Selective Focus- Use of limited depth of field to focus sharply on a specific object in a scene, while other parts are clearly out-of-focus.

Rack Focus- A rack focus in filmmaking and television production is the practice of changing the focus of the lens during a shot. The term can refer to small or large changes of focus. If the focus is shallow, then the technique becomes more noticeable.

Differential Focus- Differential focus is a term used to describe how an image has been designed by the photographer. The photographer intentionally keeps specific aspects of the image in sharp focus whilst allowing other parts to fall out of focus.




Camera Movement

Dolly shot- Tracks are laid on the set to permit smooth movement of the camera, which can then follow a moving person or object.

Tracking/Trucking shot- A shot taken from a moving vehicle, that follows a moving person and animal.

For closer work, there is hand-held or shoulder held. Hand-held cameras are often used to give a deliberately unsteady effect, to suggest authenticity as in a documentary.

Steadicam- now used instead of dollies because it gives a smoother, less jerky result than a hand-held camera, but has flexibility a stationary camera can't have.

Reverse tracking- Tracking shots are usually made on a slight angle from the side of the subject; occasionally a following shot will be shot from behind.

Following shots are not common because faces cannot be seen.

Reverse Tracking is used when the director wants to focus on the face of the character being tracked.

Pan- This describes how the camera is swivelled from side to side (usually left to right) on the tripod to scan across a scene. The speed/ direction of the pan can affect the mood/meaning of the shot.

Tack- The camera moves alongside/ in towards or away from its subject. This is not the same as zooming in with the lens but is done physically by running the camera along, often a track and/or dolly. Cranes can also be used.

Zoom In and Out- This is when the camera focuses in or out of a subject. Zooming in can create tension, and zooming out can reveal something previously unseen.

Section 3-Unit 1- Key Concepts

Connotation- Another word for meaning and to describe something.

Denotation- what the thing actually is.

Areas of textual analysis are; Sound, Camera, Editing and Mise-en-scene.



Key Concepts:



Institutions- An organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose. A media conglomerate, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies in various mass media; i.e. television, radio, publishing, motion picture, theme park and the Internet.



Representations - Media representations are the ways in which the media portrays particular groups, communities, experiences, ideas, or topics from a particular ideological perspective.



Audience- The people that will be on the receiving end of the final outcome that ill judge how good or bad something is based on personal opinion.

UNIT 1-Media Products + Audiences

1) Understand the ownership models of media institutions
2) Understand how media products are advertised + distributed
3) Understand how meaning is created in media products
4) Understand the target audiences of media products
5) Be able to evaluate research data used by media institutions
6) Be able to evaluate legal, ethical + regulatory issues associated with media products